Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh 10, Unit 10. Conservation

A. MULTIPLE CHOICES:
I/ Choose the word whose underlined part has a different pronunciation from the others in each group:
1/ A. conservation       B. nation                     C. mention                  D. question
2/ A. medicine             B. protect                    C. species                    D. never
3/ A. variety                B. pattern                    C. vary                        D. back
4/ A. painted               B. protested                C. fetched                   D. eroded
5/ A. pollute                B. develop                   C. constant                  D. provide
6/ A. must                   B. natural                    C. hunt                        D. fun
7/ A. scientist              B. million                    C. police                      D. medical
8/ A. sorry                   B. monthly                  C. sky                          D. usually
9/ A. cups                    B. photos                     C. failures                    D. always
10/ A. teach                B. much                      C. school                     D. choice

II/ Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group:
1/ A. vegetation          B. eliminate                 C. disappearance         D. intonation
2/ A. photo                  B. rapid                       C. pattern                    D. about
3/ A. environment       B. understanding        C. population              D. conservation
4/ A. impossibly          B. especially                C. naturally                 D. importantly
5/ A. medical               B. pollutant                 C. imprison                  D. protective
6/ A. conserve             B. disease                    C. wildlife                   D. expand
7/ A. illness                 B. slowly                     C. spoken                    D. police
8/ A. correction           B. motorway               C. addition                  D. erosion
9/ A. damage               B. pollute                    C. defense                   D. erode
10/ A. power               B. autumn                   C. allow                       D. order

III/ Select the synonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit:
1/ To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our central heating.
A. protect                    B. hold                        C. make                       D. do
2/ The loss of much forest is destroying Earth’s plant and animal variety.
A. consuming B. demolishing            C. erasing                    D. removing
3/ The loss of much forest is destroying Earth’s plant and animal variety.
A. change                    B. kind                        C. type                        D. collection
4/ This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with values as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses.
A. well                        B. suddenly                 C. particularly             D. highly
5/ This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with values as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses.
A. annoying                B. hurting                    C. caring                      D. fearing
6/ This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with values as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses.
A. illness                     B. disorder                  C. derangement           D. derangement
7/ Man and most animals need a constant supply of water to live.
A. uniform                  B. changeless              C. true                         D. steady
8/ Without plants, most water would run off as soon as it falls, taking away valuable soil.
A. costly                      B. estimable                C. cherished                D. admirable
9/ But we can stop adding the problem while scientists search for answers, and laws are passed in nature’s defense.
A. frisk                        B. rifle                         C. track                       D. examine
10/ Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are already being eliminated.
A. dropped                  B. removed                 C. kicked                     D. tossed

IV/ Select the antonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit:
1/ I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy for later.
A. using up                  B. shooting off            C. going out                D. throwing away
2/ This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with value as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses.
A. unimportantly         B. normally                 C. balefully                 D. infamously
3/ We may never know the true cost of this destruction.
A. imaginary               B. dishonest                C. unlawful                 D. disloyal
4/ Man and most animals need a constant supply of water to live.
A. fitful                       B. faithless                  C. uncertain                 D. weak
5/ Rapid run-off would cause frequent floods and leave little water during fry seasons.
A. Bad                        B. Weak                      C. Slow                       D. Ugly
6/ Rapid run-off would cause frequent floods and leave little water during fry seasons.
A. sometimes              B. unusual                   C. irregular                  D. little
7/ The earth is being threatened and the future looks bad.
A. done                       B. made                       C. defended                D. varied
8/ We cannot clean up our polluted rivers and seas overnight.
A. cleared                    B. purified                   C. honored                  D. respected
9/ We can do something to save the earth.
A. waste                      B. kick                         C. shoot                       D. throw
10/ At times, this can be risky, and the keepers have been injured and one has been killed.
A. good                       B. useful                      C. healthy                    D. secure

V/ Choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each sentence:
1/ The bridge is a marvelous work of engineering and _______.
A. destroy                   B. destruction             C. destructive D. destructively
2/ Work on the production line is monotonous and lacks _______.
A. variety                    B. various                    C. varied                     D. variable
3/ He owns a series of _______ across the US and beyond.
A. industries                B. industrials               C. industrious D. industrialize
4/ He says he'll tell the authorities but it's just an empty ______.
A. threat                      B. threaten                  C. threatening             D. threateningly
5/ I'm sick of _______-heart liberal politicians.
A. blood                      B. bloody                    C. bleed                       D. bleeding
6/ In the movie, he plays a concerned and _______ father trying to bring up two teenage
children on his own.
A. sense                       B. sensitive                  C. sensible                   D. senseless
7/ As a child I had an _______ friend called Polly.
A. image                      B. imagine                   C. imaginative             D. imaginary
8/ Phone me if there are any new _______.
A. develop                  B. developed               C. developing D. developments
9/ If you don't have anything _______ to say, I'd rather you kept quiet.
A. construct                B. constructors            C. constructive            D. construction
10/ A healthy body will be able to fight off the illness _______ without the use of medicine.
A. nature                     B. natural                    C. naturalize                D. naturally

VI/ Choose the correct words to complete the sentences:
1/ The plot was surrounded by a stone wall and _______ with flowering trees.
A. planted                   B. destroyed               C. eliminated               D. worried
2/ For them, the house's main _______ lay in its quiet country location.
A. interest                   B. value                       C. conserve                 D. cost
3/ Farmers were dumping or burying the _______ animals.
A. ill                            B. sick                         C. endangered             D. diseased
4/ The baby was born with a surprising _______ of black hair.
A. grass                       B. plant                       C. tree                         D. bush
5/ There were so many different _______ of bread that I didn't know which to buy.
A. varieties                  B. differences             C. changes                   D. types
6/ The bay _______ by the enemy many years ago.
A. was used to be attacked                             B. used to be attacked
C. was used for being attacked                      D. used to attack
7/ The report will be read _______.
A. at the conference by Dr. Blake at 3 p.m.
B. at the conference at 3 p.m. by Dr. Blake
C. by Dr. Blake at the conference at 3 p.m.
D. at 3 p.m. by Dr. Blake at the conference
8/ That man has never been known _______ before.
A. lie               B. to lie                       C. lying                       D. has lied
9/ Tom is having someone _______ the newspaper to her.
A. bring           B. to bring                   C. bringing                  D. who brings
10/ We don’t get anyone _______ the kitchen everyday.
A. clean           B. to clean                   C. cleaning                  D. who cleans

VII/ Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them:
1/ (A) Because of her father (B) has been (C) seriously ill, she (D) can’t go to the meeting.
2/ (A) Though Linh was (B) not good at (C) playing badminton, she managed (D) to win her opponents.
3/ He (A) is known that (B) these questions are (C) so difficult that he (D) can’t answer them.
4/ (A) This water isn’t (B) warm enough for the (C) young boys (D) to swim.
5/ Last week (A) unless my mother (B) had had (C) enough money, she (D) would have bought that toy for me.
6/ We (A) remember that (B) last time Vinh (C) wore those jeans (D) was at Khoa’s birthday party.
7/ (A) It often takes me about (B) fifteen minutes (C) to go to work from here (D) by foot.
8/ We’re sure that (A) it was not (B) until (C) fifth year that he (D) could speak Chinese well.
9/ It’s said that (A) huge progress (B) has been made in lots of fields of science (C) in the last (D) few
years.
10/ People say (A) that it is (B) such polluted air that they (C) can’t breath, (D) don’t they?

VIII/ Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:
Conservation, sustainable use and protection of (1) _______ resources including plants, animals,
mineral deposits, soils, clean (2) _______, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Natural (3) _______ are grouped into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A (4) _______ resource is one that may be replaced over time by natural processes, (5) _______ fish populations or natural vegetation, or is inexhaustible, such as (6) _______ energy. The goal of renewable resource conservation is to ensure (7) _______ such resources are not consumed faster than they are (8) _______.
Nonrenewable resources are those in limited supply that cannot be replaced (9) ______ can be replaced only over extremely long (10) _______ of time. Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and mineral deposits, such as (11) _______ ore and gold ore. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources focus (12) _______ maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well into the future.
Natural resources are conserved for their biological, economic, and recreational values, (13)
_______ their natural beauty and importance to local cultures. (14) _______, tropical rain forests are protected for their important role in both global ecology and the economic livelihood of the local culture; a coral reef may be (15) _______ for its recreational value for scuba divers; and a scenic river may be protected for its natural beauty....
New vocabulary:
- sustainable (adj.): có thể chống đỡ được, có thể chứng minh được
- renewable (adj.): có thể phục hồi lại, có thể đổi mới
- inexhaustible (adj.): vô tận; không mệt mỏi
- ore (n.): quặng
- recreational (adj.): có tính chất giải trí, tiêu khiển
- ecology (n.): sinh thái học
- livelihood (n.): cách sinh nhai, sinh kế
1/ A. national              B. international                       C. natural                    D. lively
2/ A. lakes                   B. stones                                 C. sand                        D. water
3/ A. resources            B. gases                                   C. fuels                        D. plants
4/ A. renewable           B. nonrenewable                     C. new                         D. modern
5/ A. such                    B. such as                                C. as                            D. like
6/ A. solar                    B. earthly                                C. lunar                       D. polar
7/ A. it                         B. which                                  C. that                                     D. what
8/ A. installed              B. put                                      C. placed                     D. replaced
9/ A. and                     B. but                                      C. or                            D. so
10/A. ways                  B. periods                                C. spaces                     D. steps
11/A. iron                    B. water                                  C. metal                       D. gold
12/A. in                       B. on                                       C. at                            D. by
13/A. like                    B. also                                     C. and                                     D. as well as
14/A. However           B. Nevertheless                       C. For example            D. In fact
15/A. killed                 B. protected                            C. fed                          D. left

B. USE OF ENGLISH:
I/ Match the sentences, clauses or phrases in column A with the ones in column B to make meaningful sentences:

A	B
1/ If we have more free time,  2/ You will miss the train 3/ If Long tried hard enough,  4/ If anybody wants to meet me, 5/ If you are not busy, 6/ If we were in your shoes,  7/ You could study better  8/ If I had come to Ho Chi Minh city, 9/ Our teacher wouldn’t have been angry with you 10/ If her parents had seen her going out with him,	A/ if you hadn’t done such a stupid thing.  B/ he could win the game.  C/ we would not go out that night.  D/ they would have punished her.  E/ if you do not hurry up.  F/ please help me do this exercise. G/ I would have visited your mother. H/ if you were more diligent. I/ tell him to wait for me in fifteen minutes.  J/ we shall pay a visit to the museums.

II/ Fill each gap with a suitable word from the list below:
eroded, audience, policy, imprisoned, constantly, eliminated, variety, clean-up, figures, spread
1/ He's _______ changing his mind.
2/ The fire _______ very rapidly because of the strong wind.
3/ The secret to public speaking is to get the _______ on your side.
4/ There are several reclining _______ in the painting.
5/ Wind and rain have _______ the statues into shapeless lumps of stone.
6/ Residents have called for a _______ campaign to keep their streets free from rubbish.
7/ They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security _______.
8/ When preparing meals, you need to think about _______ and taste as well as nutritional value.
9/ He was _______ in 1965 for attempted murder.
10/ We _______ the possibility that it could have been an accident.

III/ Supply the correct form of the word in brackets:
1/ Are you confident that enough people will attend the event?
2/ England played awfully throughout the game.
3/ The mixture of flour, water and yeast is then left in a warm place for four hours.
4/ I think the sensible thing to do is phone before you go and ask for directions.
5/ I've got this strange feeling in my stomach.
6/ The erosion of profits was due to careless management.
7/ Unusually high winds left a trail of destruction over southern Britain.
8/ Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable.
9/ She's at that age where she's starting to get interested in boys.
10/ Older people tend to be quite conservative and a bit suspicious of any supposed advances.

IV/ Change the sentences below into passive voice:
1/ The cat ate a fish.
2/ Children look after their old grandparents.
3/ I saw a nice girl at the party last night.
4/ Do you like toys?
5/ We drink milk every morning.
6/ She’s cleaning the floor now.
7/ She will solve the problem soon.
8/ We’re doing our homework at the moment.
9/ Were you learning your lesson at 7 pm last night?
10/ They’ve just finished their work.

V/ Change the sentences below into active voice:
1/ The tree is being planted in the garden by her father now.
2/ A small house has just been built here by the builders.
3/ The book was written by that famous author.
4/ You will be helped by your teacher.
5/ A rat is being chased by my cat.
6/ We are taught English by Mr. Nguyen.
7/ The lesson is now being explained by Ms. Hoa.
8/ A big hole was dug in the yard by her brother.
9/ Milk will be made by the waitress.
10/ A small package was sent to me last week.

VI/ Use the active or passive form to complete this passage:
Conservation, sustainable use and protection of natural resources (1- include) _______ plants,
animals, mineral deposits, soils, clean water, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Natural resources (2- group) _______ into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A renewable resource (3- be) _______ one that (4- may replace) _______ over time by natural processes, such as fish populations or natural vegetation, or (5- be) _______ inexhaustible, such as solar energy.
The goal of renewable resource conservation (6- be/ ensure) _______ that such resources (7- not consume) _______ faster than they (8- replace) _______. Nonrenewable resources (9- be) _______ those in limited supply that (10- cannot replace or can replace) _______ only over extremely long periods of time. Nonrenewable resources (11- include) _______ fossil fuels and mineral deposits, such as iron ore and gold ore. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources (12- focus) _______ on maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well into the future.

VII/ Complete the sentences using the words given in brackets, beginning as shown:
1/ ―Why don’t you wait for me at the park, Thanh?‖ said Linh. (Thanh)
→Linh suggested ____________________________________ at the park.
2/ ―Although she overslept, Mai wasn’t late for school.‖ (up)
→ Despite _______________________ on time, Mai wasn’t late for school.
3/ We haven’t eaten food like this before. (time)
→This is the ____________________________________ this sort of food.
4/ After a long chase, the police finally succeeded in arresting the thief. (to)
→After a long chase, ___________________________________ the thief.
5/ Dung was supposed to write to her pen friend yesterday. (ought)
→Dung _______________________________ to her pen friend yesterday.
6/ Your handwriting is so small that I can hardly read it. (such)
→You ______________________________________ I can hardly read it.
7/ Someone has to pick them up from the airport. (up)
→They ________________________________________ from the airport.
8/ I wish I hadn’t told her what we were planning to do this morning. (regret)
→I ___________________________________________ for this morning.
9/ We were surprised to see Long leave the room. (surprise)
→To ___________________________________________ the room early.
10/ All the witnesses said that the accident was his fault. (blame)
→All the witnesses said ______________________________ the accident.

VIII/ Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
Conservation conflicts arise when natural-resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used, or allocated, and for whom. For example, a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers, fishers, and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river, but such freedom could destroy the resource, and conservation method sare necessary to protect the river for future use.
Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries. For example, the headwaters, or source, of a major river may be located in a different country than the country through which the river flows. There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream. In addition, the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources. Cutting down a forest near a river, for instance, increases erosion, the wearing away of topsoil, and can lead to flooding. Eroded soil and silt cloud the river and adversely affect many organisms such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean, clear freshwater for survival.
New vocabulary:
- controversy (n.): sự tranh luận, sự tranh cải
- to allocate (v.): chỉ định; cấp cho; phân phối
- to vie (v.): ganh đua, thi đua
- headwater (n.): thượng nguồn, thượng lưu; (pl.) nước nguồn
- silt (n.): bùn, phù sa; (adj.): đầy bùn
- adverse (adj.): đối nghịch; bất lợi

1/ What does “arise” in line 1 mean?
A. stand up                 B. sit up                       C. get up                     D. spring up
2/ What does “supply” in line 4 mean?
A. cover                      B. provide                   C. make up for            D. compensate for
3/ What does “methods” in line 7 mean?
A. plans                       B. orders                     C. ways                       D. structures
4/ Which word in the reading means “a promise that something will be done or will happen, especially a written promise by a company to repair or change a product that develops a fault within a particular period of time”?
A. guarantee                B. shortage                  C. population              D. habitat
5/ Which word in the reading means “living or growing in, happening in, or connected with water”?
A. necessary                B. major                      C. fresh                       D. aquatic
6/ When do conflicts decline?
A. when natural-resource shortages increase in the features of gradually increasing demands from a
rising human population
B. when a natural resource crosses political borders
C. when freedom could destroy the resource
D. when eroded soil and silt cloud affect many organisms
7/ What may bring water to agricultural irrigation?
A. a river                     B. topsoil                     C. erosion                    D. a forest
8/ Which sentence below is not correct?
A. Argument often surrounds how a source should be used, or allocated, and for whom.
B. A river may provide water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water-generated
electricity for a factory.
C. Conservation methods are incidental to care for the river for future use.
D. Farmers, fishers, and industry leaders vie for open access to this river.
9/ Which sentence below is true?
A. Conflicts improve when a natural resource crosses political borders.
B. The source of a main river may be located in the country through which the river flows than a different country.
C. There is assurance that the river source will be confined to provide accommodation for resource
needs downstream.
D. The way where one ordinary source is managed has a direct effect upon other ordinary sources.
10/ What is the passage above mainly about?
A. Natural-resource shortages
B. Agricultural irrigation
C. The headwaters of a major river
D. Conservation conflicts
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES:
I/  Choose  the  word  whose  underlined  part  has  a  different  pronunciation  from  the  others  in  each group:
1/ D. question; 2/ C. species ; 3/ A. variety ; 4/ C. fetched
5/ C. constant  ; 6/ B. natural ; 7/ A. scientist  ; 8/ C. sky
9/ A. cups ; 10/ C. school

II/ Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group:
1/ B. eliminate ; 2/ D. about  ; 3/ A. environment  ; 4/ C. naturally
5/ A. medical ; 6/ C. wildlife  ; 7/ D. police ; 8/ B. motorway
9/ A. damage  ; 10/ C. allow

III/ Select the synonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit:
1/ A. protect  ; 2/ B. demolishing  ; 3/ D. collection  ; 4/ C. particularly
5/ A. annoying  ; 6/ A. illness  ; 7/ D. steady  ; 8/ A. costly 
9/ D. examine  ; 10/ B. removed 

IV/ Select the antonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit:
1/ A. using up ; 2/ B. normally  ; 3/ A. imaginary  ; 4/ C. uncertain
5/ C. Slow  ; 6/ B. unusual  ; 7/ C. defended  ; 8/ B. purified
9/ A. waste  ; 10/ D. secure

V/ Choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each sentence:
1/ B. destruction  ; 2/ A. variety  ; 3/ B. industrials 
4/ A. threat  ; 5/ D. bleeding ; 6/ B. sensitive
7/ D. imaginary  ; 8/ D. developments  ; 9/ C. constructive
10/ D. naturally

VI/ Choose the correct words to complete the sentences:
1/ A. planted ; 2/ B. value  ; 3/ D. diseased  ; 4/ D. bush
5/ A. D. types  ; 6/ B. used to be attacked ;
7/ A. at the conference by Dr. Blake at 3 p.m.
8/ B. to lie  ; 9/ A. bring  ; 10/ B. to clean

VII/ Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them:
1/ (A) Because of → Because  ; 2/ (D) to win → to beat
3/ (A) is known → knows  ; 4/ (D) to swim → to swim in
5/ (A) unless → if  ; 6/ (B) last time → the last time
7/ (D) by foot → on foot  ; 8/ (C) fifth year → the fifth year
9/ (A) huge → great  ; 10/ (C) can’t breath → can’t breathe

VIII/ Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:
1/ C. natural  ; 2/ D. water  ; 3/ A. resources  ; 4/ A. renewable 
5/ B. such as  ; 6/ A. solar  ; 7/ C. that  ; 8/ D. replaced  ; 9/ C. or
10/ B. periods ; 11/ A. iron  ; 12/ B. on  ; 13/ D. as well as
14/ C. For example  ; 15/ B. protected

B. USE OF ENGLISH:
I/  Match  the  sentences,  clauses  or  phrases  in  column  A  with  the  ones  in  column  B  to  make  meaningful sentences:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
J	E	B	I	F	C	H	G	A	D

II/ Fill each gap with a suitable word from the list below: 

1/ constantly  ; 2/ spread  ; 3/ audience  ;4/ figures  ; 5/ eroded
6/ clean-up  ; 7/ policy  ; 8/ variety  ; 9/ imprisoned; 10/ eliminated

III/ Supply the correct form of the word in brackets:
1/ confident  ; 2/ awfully  ; 3/ mixture  ; 4/ sensible  ; 5/ feeling
6/ erosion  ; 7/ destruction; 8/ competence ; 9/ interested ; 10/ conservative

IV/ Change the sentences below into passive voice:
1/ A fish was eaten by the cat.
2/ Children’s old grandparents are looked after by the children/ them.
3/ A nice girl was seen at the party last night by me.
4/ Are toys liked by you?
5/ Milk is drunk every morning by us.
6/ The floor is being cleaned now.
7/ The problem will be solved by her soon.
8/ Our homework is being done by us at the moment.
9/ Was your lesson being learned by you at 7 pm last night?
10/ Their work has just been finished.

V/ Change the sentences below into active voice:
1/ Her father is planting the tree in the garden now.
2/ The builders have just built a small house here.
3/ That famous author wrote the book.
4/ Your teacher will help you.
5/ My cat is chasing a rat.
6/ Mr. Nguyen teach us English.
7/ Ms. Hoa is explaining the lesson now.
8/ Her brother dug a big hole in the yard.
9/ The waitress will make milk.
10/ Someone sent a small package to me last week./ Someone sent me a small package last week.

VI/ Use the active or passive form to complete this passage:
1/ include  ; 2/ are grouped  ; 3/ is ; 4/ may be replaced  ; 5/ is
6/ is to ensure  ; 7/ are not consumed  ; 8/ are replaced  ; 9/ are
10/ cannot be replaced or can be replaced ; 11/ include  ; 12/ focus

VII/ Complete the sentences using the words given in brackets, beginning as shown:
1/ Linh suggested (that) Thanh waited/ should wait for her at the park.
2/ Despite not waking/ getting up on time, Mai wasn’t late for school.
3/ This is the first time I’ve eaten this sort of food.
4/ After a long chase, the police managed to arrest the thief.
5/ Dung ought to have written to her pen friend yesterday.
6/ You have such small handwriting that I can hardly read it.
7/ They have to/ must be picked up from the airport.
8/ I regret telling her our plans for this morning.
9/ To our surprise, Long left the room early.
10/ All the witnesses said that he was to blame for the accident.

VIII/ Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
1/ D. spring up  ; 2/ B. provide  ; 3/ C. ways  ; 4/ A. guarantee
5/ D. aquatic  ; 6/ B. when a natural resource crosses political borders
7/ A. a river  ; 8/ C. Conservation methods are incidental to care for the river for future use.
9/ D. The way where one ordinary source is managed has a direct effect upon other ordinary sources.
10/ D. Conservation conflict